Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid Cancer Surgery in India - Does the Entire Thyroid Need Removal?

If you have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, you may be considering surgery. This short explains when a surgeon may recommend removing part, or all, of the thyroid gland.

How much of the thyroid is removed

The decision depends on the type of cancer, its size, and whether it has spread outside the thyroid gland.

• Partial removal. This is called a lobectomy. It may be an option for small, slow-growing cancers that are contained within one half, or lobe, of the thyroid.
• Total removal. A total thyroidectomy removes the entire gland. This is often recommended for larger cancers, those affecting both lobes, or those that have spread.
• Nearby lymph nodes. If the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes in the neck, these may also need to be removed during the operation. This is called a neck dissection.

What to expect after surgery

Removing the thyroid gland has implications for your body's hormone regulation.

• Hormone replacement. After a total thyroidectomy, you will need to take daily thyroid hormone replacement tablets for life to supply the hormone your body no longer makes.
• After a partial removal. If only part of your thyroid was removed, the remaining portion may produce enough hormones. You will have blood tests to check this.
• Further treatment. Some patients may be offered radioactive iodine treatment after surgery. This can destroy any remaining thyroid cells and reduce the risk of the cancer returning.
• Follow-up care. You will have regular appointments and blood tests to monitor your hormone levels and check for any signs of recurrence.

The right surgical approach for thyroid cancer is decided on a case-by-case basis. A specialist can recommend the best course of action for you after a full review of your medical reports and recent scans.