Heart Valve Disease

What Is a Heart Valve? - Heart Valve Replacement Surgery in India

Your heart has four valves that keep blood flowing in the correct direction. If a valve is diseased or damaged, it may need to be replaced. This short explains the basics of heart valve replacement surgery.

Why a heart valve may need replacing

• Stenosis. This is when the valve flaps become stiff and narrow. This restricts blood flow out of the heart.
• Regurgitation. This is when the valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backwards into the heart chamber.
• Causes. Valve problems can be present from birth or develop later in life due to infection, heart disease, or age-related changes.
• Symptoms. You may experience shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, or dizziness. Some people have no symptoms.

Types of replacement valve

The surgeon will discuss which type of valve is most suitable for you.

• Mechanical valves. These are made from durable materials. They last a long time, but you must take blood-thinning medication for life to prevent clots.
• Tissue valves. Also called biological valves, these are made from animal tissue. You may not need lifelong blood thinners, but the valve may need replacing after 10 to 20 years.
• Surgical approach. The operation is usually done through an incision in the chest as open-heart surgery. In some cases, a less invasive procedure may be possible.

Recovery from surgery

• Hospital stay. You can expect to stay in hospital for about a week, including some time in an intensive care unit.
• Rehabilitation. A cardiac rehabilitation programme is usually recommended. This helps you to recover and regain your strength safely.
• Long-term care. You will have regular follow-up appointments to check your heart and the new valve.
• Full recovery. It can take several months to feel completely recovered from the surgery.

The decision to have heart valve replacement surgery, and the choice of valve, depends on your specific condition, age, and overall health. A specialist can provide advice after reviewing your medical reports and recent imaging.