Lymphoma

What Is Lymphoma? - Types, Symptoms and Treatment options in India Explained

Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in cells of the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's immune system. This short explains what the lymphatic system does and the main types of lymphoma.

Understanding lymphoma

Lymphoma develops when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, grow and multiply uncontrollably.

• A cancer of the immune system. The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins and waste. It includes the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.
• Two main types. Lymphomas are broadly grouped into two categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There are many different subtypes within these groups.
• Where it can start. It can begin almost anywhere in the body, as lymphatic tissue is found throughout. It most often starts in lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin.

Symptoms of lymphoma

The signs of lymphoma can be similar to those of other, less serious illnesses like the flu. It is important to see a doctor for any persistent symptoms.

• Swollen lymph nodes. The most common sign is a painless swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin. The lump is caused by an excess of abnormal lymphocytes.
• Systemic symptoms. Some people experience a group of symptoms known as 'B symptoms'. These include an unexplained fever, drenching night sweats, and losing a significant amount of weight without trying.
• Other possible signs. You may also feel very tired, have a persistent cough or shortness of breath, or develop an itch over your whole body without a rash.

Diagnosis and treatment

• How it is diagnosed. A diagnosis is usually confirmed with a biopsy. This involves removing a small piece of tissue from an enlarged lymph node for examination in a laboratory.
• Treatment options. Treatment for lymphoma can include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on many factors.
• Decided case by case. The plan is based on the specific type and subtype of lymphoma, its stage (how far it has spread), and your general health.

The right approach depends on the type and stage of the lymphoma, and your overall health. A specialist can determine your suitability for any treatment after reviewing your medical reports and recent imaging.