Keratoconus

Keratoconus Diagnosis in India - Essential Tests and Eye Scans Explained

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition where the cornea thins and bulges outwards into a cone shape. This short explains the key tests an ophthalmologist uses to diagnose it.

The initial eye examination

A diagnosis usually starts with a routine eye examination to check your vision and the health of your eyes.

• Vision test. Your vision is checked using a standard eye chart. This helps to measure how much your sight is affected by nearsightedness and astigmatism.
• Slit-lamp exam. A specialist uses a microscope with a bright light to look at the front of your eye. They can check for signs of corneal thinning or scarring.
• Keratometry. This test measures the basic curve of your cornea. It can detect irregular astigmatism, which is often an early sign of keratoconus.

Detailed corneal mapping

If keratoconus is suspected, more detailed imaging of your cornea is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

• Corneal topography. This is the standard test for diagnosis. A computer creates a detailed 3D map of your cornea's surface, showing its shape and curvature clearly.
• Pachymetry. This test uses ultrasound or optical methods to measure the thickness of your cornea. In keratoconus, the cornea is usually thinner than normal.
• Refraction test. This test determines your exact lens prescription. Frequent changes in your prescription can be a sign of progressive keratoconus.

The specific tests required for a diagnosis are decided on a case-by-case basis. A final decision can only be made after a specialist has reviewed your medical reports and recent imaging.