Kidney Stones

Kidney Stone Treatment in India - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

Kidney stones are a common medical problem. This short explains what they are, why they form, and what the usual treatment options involve.

What are kidney stones?

Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys.

• How they form. They often form when your urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallise and stick together.
• Common symptoms. Passing a kidney stone can be painful. Symptoms may include severe pain in the side and back, pain that spreads to the lower abdomen, and pain during urination.
• Types of stone. There are several types of kidney stones. Knowing the type helps determine the cause and may give clues on how to reduce your risk of getting more stones.

How are kidney stones treated?

Treatment depends on the size and type of the stone, and whether it is causing pain or blocking your urinary tract.

• Small stones. You may be able to pass a small stone by drinking plenty of water. Your doctor may also give you medication to help relax the muscles in your ureter.
• Large stones. Stones that are too large to pass on their own may need more extensive treatment. This can include using sound waves to break up the stones, a procedure known as lithotripsy.
• Surgical options. Surgery may be needed to remove very large stones. This can be done with a small telescope passed through the ureter or through a small incision in your back.

The most suitable treatment for you depends on your specific case. A specialist can recommend the best course of action after reviewing your medical reports and recent imaging.