Heart Valve Surgery

Types of Heart Valves Used in Replacement Surgery in India Guide

If you need heart valve replacement surgery, your surgeon will discuss which type of artificial valve is best for you. This short explains the main options.

Mechanical heart valves

These valves are made entirely from durable, man-made materials.

• Very durable. Mechanical valves are designed to last a lifetime and it is rare for them to wear out.
• Blood thinners. You must take blood-thinning medication for the rest of your life to prevent blood clots from forming on the valve.
• Audible click. Some patients can hear a quiet clicking sound as the valve opens and closes. Most people get used to this over time.
• Younger patients. These valves are often recommended for younger patients because they are so durable and avoid the need for a future replacement operation.

Biological or tissue valves

These valves are made from animal tissue, usually from a pig or a cow, mounted on a frame.

• Limited lifespan. Tissue valves usually last for 10 to 20 years. This means you may need another operation in the future to replace the valve.
• No blood thinners. Most patients do not need to take lifelong blood-thinning medication, although a short course may be needed just after surgery.
• Silent operation. Tissue valves function silently, just like your natural heart valves.
• Older patients. These are often considered for older patients who may not outlive the valve, or for whom blood thinners pose a higher risk.

How the choice is made

Your surgeon will help you decide which valve is most suitable for you based on several factors.

• Your age. Your age is a key factor, as it relates to the durability of the valve and the potential need for future surgery.
• Your lifestyle. Your general activity level can influence the decision. Plans for pregnancy are also a consideration for women of childbearing age.
• Other medical conditions. Your overall health and ability to take blood-thinning medication safely are important factors.
• Personal preference. Your own feelings about the pros and cons of each valve type will be taken into account in the final decision.

The final decision on the most suitable type of heart valve is made on a case-by-case basis. Your eligibility for any procedure depends on a cardiac surgeon reviewing your specific medical reports and recent imaging.