Varicocele

Varicocele Treatment in India - Can It Affect Male Fertility?

A varicocele is a common condition that can sometimes affect fertility. This short explains what a varicocele is, its symptoms, and when treatment might be considered.

What is a varicocele?

A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds your testicles (the scrotum).

• Like varicose veins. They are similar to varicose veins that can appear in the legs. They are a common cause of low sperm production and decreased sperm quality.
• Often on the left. Varicoceles usually develop on the left side of the scrotum. This is due to the position of the veins on that side of the body.
• Develop over time. They often form during puberty and are found in about 15 percent of the adult male population. Most do not cause any problems.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Many varicoceles cause no symptoms and are harmless. If symptoms do occur, they can include the following.

• Pain or discomfort. You may feel a dull, aching pain or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. This may get worse during the day or after physical exertion.
• A visible lump. A varicocele can sometimes be seen or felt as a lump on one of the testicles, often described as feeling like a 'bag of worms'.
• Testicle size. The testicle on the side with the varicocele may be smaller than the other.
• Physical examination. Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination. A doctor may also use a scrotal ultrasound to get a clear image of the veins.

When is treatment considered?

Treatment is not always necessary. It is usually considered if the varicocele is causing pain, testicular shrinkage, or is thought to be a factor in infertility.

• Surgical repair. The main treatment is a surgery called a varicocelectomy. This procedure seals off the affected vein to redirect blood flow into normal veins.
• Minimally invasive. Surgery can often be performed using microsurgical or laparoscopic techniques. These use very small incisions.
• Embolisation. Another option is percutaneous embolisation. In this procedure, a radiologist uses a small tube to place tiny coils or a solution to block the vein.
• Case by case. The choice of procedure depends on several factors. These include the surgeon's experience and your specific medical situation.

Whether treatment is suitable for you depends on your individual circumstances. A final decision can only be made after a specialist has reviewed your medical reports and recent imaging.